Drug addiction: signs, quitting safely and where to get help

What people often call “drug addiction” is known in medicine as a drug (substance) use disorder. Addiction here does not mean poisoning: it is an illness in which a person keeps turning to a substance despite harm, and it can be treated (National Center for Mental Health, n.d.). The World Health Organization’s classification (ICD-11) sorts problems from psychoactive substances, including some prescribed medicines as well as illegal drugs, into levels. “Hazardous use”, which carries a high risk but has not yet caused harm, is not counted as a mental disorder but as a state that calls for advice from health professionals. A pattern of use that actually harms your body or mind, or other people, is “harmful use”; losing control, with the drug taking more and more priority over the rest of life, is “dependence”. Dependence is usually diagnosed when this lasts at least 12 months, or at least 3 months if use is almost daily (WHO, 2024a). This guide does not print the list of criteria.

Using often does not by itself mean dependence. Nor does tolerance or withdrawal alone, when the body has adapted to a medicine used for a long time, as in people prescribed painkillers for cancer pain (WHO, 2024a). The American Psychiatric Association describes a substance use disorder as continuing to use a substance without being able to control it despite harmful consequences, and groups the symptoms into four kinds: impaired control, problems at work, school or in relationships, use in risky situations, and tolerance and withdrawal. Whether it is mild or severe, treatment can help (American Psychiatric Association, 2024). Addictions without a substance, such as gambling, are covered in the gambling addiction guide.

According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 331 million people, or 6.2% of 15- to 64-year-olds worldwide, used a drug in 2024, most often cannabis. An estimated 63 million people had a drug use disorder, but only 1 in 12 of them received treatment (UNODC, 2026). This also means that not everyone who uses a drug develops a disorder.

In Korea, 23,022 people were caught for drug offences in 2024; 60.8% were in their 20s or 30s, and 649 were teenagers (Supreme Prosecutors’ Office, 2025). In 2025, 23,403 people were caught (Office for Government Policy Coordination et al., 2026). These are counts of people caught, not of people who use drugs or have a disorder. Yet no recent national survey shows how many such people there are: Korea’s 2021 National Mental Health Survey left illegal drug use disorders out because an earlier survey had found their prevalence in the community to be as low as 0% (Rim et al., 2023).

mind.io does not offer a drug test. This guide uses research and official sources to describe the signs of a drug problem, why it is hard to stop, treatments with evidence behind them, how to stop safely and what to do in an emergency, how family members can help, and where to get help in Korea and what the law says. If a drug problem leaves you with thoughts of harming yourself, please do not carry them alone. Reach out to a crisis line right away: call or text 988 in the US and Canada, call Samaritans on 116 123 in the UK and Ireland, or find a line at findahelpline.com elsewhere. If you are in immediate danger, contact your local emergency services.

A key sign is losing control. Not keeping to the amount or frequency you set yourself is an important sign that addiction is developing (National Center for Mental Health, n.d.). Cutting down or stopping is hard, cravings are strong, the drug takes more and more priority over work, study, relationships and hobbies, and you keep using even though you know it is causing harm (WHO, 2024a; American Psychiatric Association, 2024). The American Psychiatric Association lists relieving stress, forgetting problems and feeling numb among the common reasons people use (American Psychiatric Association, 2024). If you are using to soothe painful feelings, see the stress relief and trauma guides too.

Tolerance, needing more and more for the same effect, and withdrawal, feeling unwell in body and mind when you stop or cut down, are signs too (American Psychiatric Association, 2024). Cannabis can also lead to dependence, and withdrawal when use is reduced or stopped. After stopping stimulants such as methamphetamine, irritability and craving can last 6 to 8 weeks (WHO, 2024a).

Prescribed medicines are no exception. In 2025, 20.2 million people in Korea, about 4 in 10, received at least one prescription for a medicine that Korean law controls as a narcotic or psychotropic drug (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2026a). Being prescribed these medicines does not by itself mean addiction, but sedatives such as sleeping pills and anxiety medicines are more likely to lead to dependence the higher the dose and the longer they are taken (WHO, 2024a). If you find yourself needing them more often or in larger amounts than prescribed, or going from clinic to clinic for prescriptions, talk to a professional.

Drug problems are hard to admit. In a US survey, people viewed those with drug addiction far more negatively than those with other mental illnesses, and were more doubtful that treatment works (Barry et al., 2014). The World Health Organization also points out that stigma, discrimination and misconceptions about treatment widen the treatment gap (WHO, 2024b). This guide therefore speaks of “people with drug problems” rather than labels such as “addicts”. Other mental disorders are common among people with dependence (WHO, 2024a), so if depression is part of the picture, see depression: what helps as well.

Dependence can develop faster in adolescence than in adulthood. Women are less often involved with the legal system over drug use, and so may come to clinical attention less often (WHO, 2024a). In 2024, only 1 in 23 women with drug use disorders received treatment, compared with 1 in 9 men (UNODC, 2026).

Addiction is not a matter of weak will or poor morals. The first decision to use is voluntary for most people, but repeated use can change the brain and weaken the ability to resist and control intense urges. The genes people are born with account for about half of the risk of addiction, and the earlier drug use begins, the more likely it is to lead to addiction (NIDA, 2018). That does not mean genes decide your fate, but stopping often takes more than a resolution.

It is not true that cannabis is not addictive. The World Health Organization describes cannabis as dependence-producing (WHO, 2024a), and in an analysis of 21 studies, 22% of people who had used cannabis had cannabis use disorder; among young people who used it weekly or daily, 33%, about 1 in 3, developed dependence (Leung et al., 2020). The link between cannabis and psychosis is covered in the schizophrenia guide. In Korea, cannabis is also a controlled drug under the law, and using it other than as the law allows is punishable (Narcotics Control Act, 2026).

Opioids slow breathing, so they often lie behind overdoses and the deaths that follow; apart from alcohol and tobacco, no kind of drug causes more deaths worldwide (WHO, 2024a). According to the World Health Organization, about 600,000 deaths worldwide in 2019 were attributable to drug use, close to 80% of them related to opioids. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine. There is evidence that it is added to illegally made drugs and sold as counterfeit tablets that look like prescription medicines, so many people who take it do not realise they have (WHO, 2025).

Some students take ADHD medicines as “study drugs” around exams. In an analysis of 47 experiments in healthy adults, the effects on thinking were small, and there is no evidence yet that they work as well as people expect (Roberts et al., 2020). Korea’s Ministry of Food and Drug Safety warns that misusing them outside treatment, for example to improve concentration, can cause side effects and addiction (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2026a). If you think you may have ADHD, read adult ADHD symptoms and get assessed.

The NHS in England says that people who need help for a drug problem are entitled to treatment in the same way as anyone else with a health problem, and that help is there whether you want to stop, cut down or just get advice (NHS, 2023). The UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) also recommends that people who misuse drugs receive the same care, respect and privacy as anyone else (NICE, 2007). The American Psychiatric Association notes that a push from family or friends often starts treatment, but people who come forward on their own are always welcome (American Psychiatric Association, 2024).

In studies covering alcohol and other drug problems together, cognitive behavioural therapy worked better than no or minimal treatment and about as well as other evidence-based treatments (Magill et al., 2019). Motivational interviewing, which helps people torn about stopping find their own reasons, may reduce use in the short term compared with no intervention, but it made little or no difference compared with usual care or other treatments, and the certainty of the evidence was low (Schwenker et al., 2023). Which talking treatment works best varies with the drug and the situation, and the evidence is mixed.

For stimulants such as methamphetamine and cocaine, and for cannabis, no medicines are yet available to help, so talking and behavioural treatments are the core (NIDA, 2020). An analysis comparing 50 randomised trials (6,942 people) on stimulant problems found that only one approach clearly increased the number of people who stopped compared with usual care: small rewards for each drug-free test combined with a community reinforcement approach that helps rebuild work, relationships and leisure. The quality of the studies was uneven, though (De Crescenzo et al., 2018). In 23 randomised trials (4,045 people) on cannabis problems, combined cognitive behavioural therapy and motivational enhancement most consistently reduced use in the short term, but no approach was shown to keep working at 9 months or later, and about 1 in 4 people had stopped at the last follow-up (Gates et al., 2016).

For opioid dependence, substitution treatment, in which doctors prescribe an opioid-type medicine in its place under medical supervision, has the strongest evidence, yet fewer than 10% of people who need effective treatment for opioid dependence receive it (WHO, 2025). While people were in this treatment, death rates were less than half of those outside it, but in the 4 weeks after stopping it the risk of death was 6 times higher (Santo et al., 2021). Do not stop such treatment suddenly on your own; talk to your care team.

Detoxification alone, without treatment afterwards, is usually followed by using again. Using again is common, but it does not mean that treatment does not work. The US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains that relapse rates for drug use disorders, 40% to 60%, are similar to those for high blood pressure or asthma (50% to 70%) (NIDA, 2020). Recovery is common. In a US national survey, half of the people who had been dependent on cannabis or cocaine were free of it within roughly 5 to 6 years of its onset (Lopez-Quintero et al., 2011), and 9.1% of US adults said they used to have a problem with alcohol or drugs but no longer did (Kelly et al., 2017). People who resolved their problem had made a median of 2 serious attempts (Kelly et al., 2019).

Some people find support groups such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA) helpful (NHS, 2023). NICE advises staff to routinely tell people about self-help groups (NICE, 2007), but these groups are not led by health professionals, so they are not the same as treatment (NIDA, 2025). If drinking is part of the problem, see the alcohol use guide too.

Stopping sedatives such as sleeping pills and anxiety medicines can bring seizures or severe delirium (WHO, 2024a). If you have been taking them for a long time, do not stop suddenly on your own; reduce them together with the doctor who prescribed them or a specialist. Ways to sleep without pills are covered in the insomnia guide. Opioid withdrawal is rarely dangerous to the body, but strong cravings dominate its later phase (WHO, 2024a). If you are in substitution treatment, do not stop it yourself; talk to your care team (Santo et al., 2021).

Stopping some drugs can make mood sink, and when it is very low, thoughts of suicide can come up (WHO, 2024a). In an analysis pooling studies, people with substance use disorders were about 2 times as likely as others to have thought about suicide and about 2.5 times as likely to have attempted it (Poorolajal et al., 2016). If you have thoughts of harming yourself, please do not carry them alone. Reach out to a crisis line right away: call or text 988 in the US and Canada, call Samaritans on 116 123 in the UK and Ireland, or find a line at findahelpline.com elsewhere. If you are in immediate danger, contact your local emergency services. In Korea, the 1342 drug counselling line is also open 24 hours.

The most common triggers for using again are cues linked to past use, such as people, places, things and moods, along with stress and contact with drugs (NIDA, 2020). Cut contact with people you used with and with the ways you got drugs, and decide in advance whom to call and what to do when hard feelings rush in.

If someone who has taken drugs cannot be woken, is barely breathing or is breathing strangely, call emergency services straight away, stay with them and follow the instructions you are given. With timely emergency care, death from an opioid overdose can be prevented. Using together with alcohol or sedatives makes breathing problems more likely, and the risk is especially high when someone uses again after a break (WHO, 2025), because the body is no longer adapted to the amount it used to take (NIDA, 2020).

Using again is not the end. Relapse is a signal to restart or change treatment (NIDA, 2020). Look at what set it off, and seek help quickly rather than hiding it. Rather than being hard on yourself, see how to build self-compassion.

In a randomised trial with 90 family members and other people close to drug users who refused treatment, families who learned communication and behaviour skills to use at home (community reinforcement and family training, CRAFT) got 59% to 77% of their relatives into treatment, against 29% with an approach that encouraged attending family support groups (Meyers et al., 2002). Whichever approach they learned, family members’ own mental and physical wellbeing improved (Roozen et al., 2010). NICE also advises staff to ask families about the impact of drug misuse on themselves and on other family members, including children (NICE, 2007).

The American Psychiatric Association advises families not to lecture, threaten, bribe or plead: these can deepen shame and push the person to withdraw or use more. Do not hide the problem or make excuses on the person’s behalf; talk honestly, and do not drink or use with them. A family member’s drug problem is not caused by any one person, so try not to blame yourself (American Psychiatric Association, 2024). How to talk when a relative refuses treatment is also covered in depression: what helps.

Wait until the person is sober before you raise it: arguing with someone who is intoxicated rarely leads anywhere and can turn violent (American Psychiatric Association, 2024). If a family member who uses drugs is violent or threatening, do not face it alone. In immediate danger, call your local emergency number. US: National Domestic Violence Hotline 1-800-799-7233 · UK: National Domestic Abuse Helpline 0808 2000 247.

In Korea, the 1342 line is open to family members and friends as well as to people who use drugs, and families can also get support at the Hamkke Hangeoreum rehabilitation centres across the country (Korean Association Against Drug Abuse, 2026). Local integrated addiction management centres counsel families too (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2026). If you are worried about your child, talk calmly rather than confronting them, and consider getting counselling yourself first.

In Korea, drug problems can be discussed by phone on 1342 (the Yonggi Hangeoreum centre) 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The line is open to family members and friends as well as to people who use drugs, and offers counselling, recovery and family support, and referral to treatment hospitals. It is a counselling line, not a place to report crimes (Korean Association Against Drug Abuse, 2026). The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety says calls are anonymous and confidential, and since March 2026 text and chat counselling have also been offered through a KakaoTalk channel (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2026b). 1342 is a drug counselling line, so if you have thoughts of harming yourself, first reach out to a crisis line (in Korea, 109, 24 hours, free; in the US and Canada, call or text 988; in the UK and Ireland, Samaritans on 116 123; elsewhere, findahelpline.com).

The 17 Hamkke Hangeoreum centres across Korea find and assess people with drug use disorders and support their return to everyday life with individual counselling, day rehabilitation programmes, family support and self-help groups (Korean Association Against Drug Abuse, 2026; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2026b). Local integrated addiction management centres also offer counselling by phone or in person to people with drug problems, their families and other residents (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2026). You can also see a psychiatrist.

Drug dependence can be treated under Korea’s “treatment and protection” scheme. The person, their spouse, a parent or other lineal ascendant, or their legal representative can apply directly, and the State and local governments pay for the assessment (up to 1 month) and inpatient or outpatient treatment (up to 12 months) (Narcotics Control Act, 2026; Regulations on the Treatment and Protection of Narcotics Addicts, 2025). Once someone is in this treatment, the institution is required to tell a family member such as a spouse or parent the date, place and reason (Regulations on the Treatment and Protection of Narcotics Addicts, 2025). In 2026 the government raised its treatment-cost budget to 1.35 billion won and increased the number of regional treatment and protection hospitals to 11 nationwide (Office for Government Policy Coordination et al., 2026). If you have legal worries, such as about punishment, first talk to 1342 anonymously or get legal advice.

In Korea, besides illegal drugs and cannabis, psychotropic medicines, including some sleeping pills, anxiety medicines and appetite suppressants, are also controlled by law. Using them as a doctor prescribed is fine, but using them other than as the law allows is punishable (Narcotics Control Act, 2026; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2026a).

In Korea’s health insurance data, the number of people treated with a mental or behavioural disorder due to cannabis (cannabinoids) as their main diagnosis rose from 108 in 2023 to 244 in 2025, and in 2025, 82% of them were in their 20s or 30s. People treated for problems with hallucinogens rose from 95 in 2015 to 351 in 2025. Far more people were treated for problems with sleeping pills and sedatives: 2,247 in 2025, two-thirds of them women (Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, 2026). These figures count only people who were treated, so many more people may have problems, and the numbers alone cannot tell whether use rose or more people sought treatment.

Outside Korea, start with your doctor or local drug services. In the UK, FRANK gives confidential drugs advice 24 hours a day, 7 days a week on 0300 123 6600 (FRANK, n.d.), and the NHS explains how to get treatment (NHS, 2023).

Q. Is there a self-test for drug addiction? A. mind.io does not offer a drug test. Instead, you can ask yourself whether you use more or more often than you meant to, whether you find it hard to cut down, and whether you keep using even though drugs are shaking your work, relationships or health (WHO, 2024a; American Psychiatric Association, 2024). This is not a diagnosis but a reason to ask for help. The depression check-in (PHQ-9) is not a drug test, but it looks at depression, which often comes with drug problems.

Q. Can using once make you addicted for life? A. Not everyone who uses develops a disorder. In 2024, an estimated 331 million people worldwide used a drug and 63 million had a drug use disorder (UNODC, 2026). But dependence can develop faster in adolescents (WHO, 2024a), and strong drugs such as fentanyl can be mixed into others without the user knowing, which can make even early use dangerous (WHO, 2025).

Q. I heard cannabis is not addictive. A. That is not true. 22% of people who had used cannabis had cannabis use disorder (Leung et al., 2020). In Korea, cannabis is a drug controlled by law (Narcotics Control Act, 2026).

Q. I have taken sleeping pills for a long time. Am I addicted? A. Your body adapting after long use is not dependence on its own. Dependence means losing control or the medicine taking priority in your life. Still, stopping suddenly on your own can be dangerous, so plan how to reduce them with the doctor who prescribed them (WHO, 2024a). See the insomnia guide too.

Q. Is it OK to take “study drugs”? A. Their effects in healthy people were small (Roberts et al., 2020), and using them outside treatment can cause side effects and addiction (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2026a). In Korea, getting and using them without a prescription is also against the law (Narcotics Control Act, 2026).

Q. If I get treatment, will my family find out? Will I be punished? A. In Korea, the person, their spouse, a parent or other lineal ascendant, or their legal representative can apply for treatment and protection, and once someone is in it, the institution is required to tell a family member such as a spouse or parent (Regulations on the Treatment and Protection of Narcotics Addicts, 2025). This notification rule belongs to the treatment and protection scheme. Worries about punishment depend on circumstances, so this guide cannot answer them. Talk to 1342 anonymously first or get legal advice.

Q. Will I be reported if I call 1342? A. 1342 is a counselling line, not a place to report crimes (Korean Association Against Drug Abuse, 2026). The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety says calls are anonymous and confidential (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2026b).

Q. I used again. Have I failed? A. No. Relapse is common and is a signal to restart or change treatment (NIDA, 2020). People who resolved their problem had made a median of 2 serious attempts (Kelly et al., 2019). Using again after a break is riskier, so do not hide it; ask for help quickly (WHO, 2025).

Q. Drug problems make me want to die. A. Please do not carry this alone. Reach out to a crisis line right away: call or text 988 in the US and Canada, call Samaritans on 116 123 in the UK and Ireland, or find a line at findahelpline.com elsewhere. If you are in immediate danger, contact your local emergency services. Once things feel a little calmer, help with the drug problem itself is available, for example in Korea on 1342 (24 hours) or in the UK from FRANK (24 hours).

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